Willingness to cooperate, a common purpose and communication, the absence of any one of these three elements would lead to disintegration of the organization, according to?

Willingness to cooperate, a common purpose and communication, the absence of any one of these three elements would lead to disintegration of the organization, according to?
(a) Henry Fayol
(b) Max Weber
(c) Alton Mayo
(d) Chester Barnard
✅ Answer: (d) Chester Barnard
Explanation: Barnard emphasized cooperation, common goals, and communication as essentials for organizations.