9.6.2 Changing Pedagogical Models

FromToTeacher/Curriculum-centeredLearner-centeredAcquisition of knowledge and skillsIntelligent thinking and knowledge applicationIndividual taskCollaborative workPassive learning (listener)Active learning (collaborator)Printed mediaTechnological toolsGrade focusAchievement focusNational perspectiveGlobal perspectiveIndependent effortsCombined effortsAbstract learning (facts)Authentic learning (relationships inquiry, invention, understanding)Rote learning (drill and practice)Problem solving (communication. access, expression)Paper-and-pencil tests (Norms referenced)  Demonstrations  and  performances (criterion-referenced)Discipline basedIntegrative/interdisciplinary/trans-  disciplinary approachesSource: Cunningham, and Cordeiro, (2003). Educational leadership