Which twentieth-century principle of government is violated in these maps?

(A) Colonialism (B) Self-determination (C) Containment (D) MercantilismExplanation: Self-determination refers to the right to rule oneself. Colonialism (A) involves a foreign power being either directly or indirectly in control of another nation. Containment (C) refers to the policy of stopping the spread of communism, which was not an issue in the Middle East. Mercantilism (D) was an economic system associated with colonialism and imperialism, whereas the map refers to political administration.