Which of the following was a long-term consequence of the Mongol conquest of Russia in the 1200s?

(A) Russia was excluded from Western European developments (like the Renaissance). (B) Russia benefited by becoming the administrative center of Mongol political activity. (C) Islam became the dominant religion of Russia. (D) Russia developed a centralized bureaucracy.Explanation: With Russia’s conquest by the Mongols, its focus shifted from Western Europe toward the East and Central Asia. Russia was primarily a tributary state (B); it kept its nomadic ways and did not develop trade. The predominant religion in Russia was Orthodox Christianity (C), spread by the Byzantines. When the Mongols converted to Islam, it helped motivate Russia to break free. Russia remained a series of small, disunited principalities (D).