Which of the following describes a negative short-term effect of the European colonization of Africa?

(A) Famines occurred when African farmers were forced to grow crops for export. (B) Europeans built infrastructure such as roads and railways in the lands that they colonized. (C) Missionaries from Europe built schools for native populations. (D) Africa experienced a general improvement in medical care under European rule.Explanation: European colonists often forced African farmers to produce certain types of goods that were intended for export rather than local use. This policy led to numerous famines across Africa during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Choice (A) is correct.