The tone of the first letter best reflects which of the following developments in early modern Africa?

(A) A growing dependence on trade with Europe for manufactured goods (B) Vigorous resistance to European expeditions of conquest (C) The establishment of Portuguese trading posts along the coastline (D) The consolidation of states along the Atlantic coast of AfricaExplanation: Sub-Saharan Africans often traded for European guns and manufactures, so much so that some African states’ power derived from guns bought by selling slaves to Europeans. Eliminate (B) because the letter (Source 1) doesn’t express much in the way of resistance. Eliminate (C) because the source doesn’t explicitly discuss the trading posts Portugal established—only the Portuguese present in Kongo. Eliminate (D) because the letter does not mention anything about the consolidation of Kongo.