The second passage undermines traditional historical assumptions by

(A) showing that state-level antagonisms in the Middle East during the crusading era were not always reflected in personal or economic life. (B) showing how Middle Eastern Muslims during the crusading era did not take religious obligations as seriously as Christians did. (C) showing how Muslims were on the whole kinder than Christians in the Middle East during the crusading era. (D) showing how, in the Middle East during the crusading era, economic factors trumped all other considerations.Explanation: (A) This question also calls for contextualization, historical argumentation, and historical interpretation. The passage discussing conceptions of jihad is more relevant to rulers and political elites, whereas the second deals with the lived experience of people at the lower levels of society, where Crusade-related hostility would not have been as likely to be so heartfelt.