The information presented in the above chart is best understood in which of the following historical contexts?

(A) Educational reform in the modern era (B) Centralized and state-directed campaigns of modernization (C) Experimentation with syndicalist forms of socio-economic organization (D) Second-stage industrialization in the non-Western worldExplanation: (B) This question calls for contextualization. Answer C has to do with fascist economics, and the industrialization spoken of in D has little to do with the chart’s subject. Answer A is obviously related to the subject and may seem correct. However, modernization, as in B, is a larger and more profound historical trend, and directly related to the history of the USSR, a highly centralized state.