The first passage tends to support which of the following traditional historical assumptions?

(A) That the majority of Muslims were more peaceful than Christians during the crusading era (B) That most Muslims were interested only in protecting their own territory during the crusading era (C) That many Muslims during the crusading era were driven by Islamic faith to be inherently violent (D) That the ideology of holy war was taken seriously by Muslim elites during the crusading eraExplanation: (D) This question calls for contextualization, historical argumentation, and historical interpretation. Answers A and B are contradicted by the text, and C overstates the text’s basic message. Answer D is the best encapsulation of the text’s core thesis.