Both passages are best seen in the context of which of the following broad developments?

(A) Emerging systems of coerced labor (B) The expansion of chattel slavery (C) Increased reliance on prison-camp workforces (D) Colonization of overseas territories by joint-stock companiesExplanation: (A) This question calls for contextualization and knowledge of broad trends emphasized by the AP exam. Neither case describes workers who are actually owned by other people, and prison-camp labor is not referred to, so B and C are incorrect. Both texts involve colonization, but Siberia was not an overseas territory for Russia, and joint-stock companies were not involved with Spanish colonization of the Americas.